<p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 19.2px; font-weight: 500; white-space: normal; background-color: #f2f3ed; float: none; display: inline;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1728293518202/1728293518202.jpg" width="710" height="444" /></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">這幅拼貼畫突出了銀河系的一小部分區(qū)域，這些區(qū)域是我們銀河系有史以來最詳細(xì)的紅外圖的一部分。在這里，我們從左到右，從上到下看到：NGC 3576、NGC 6357、Messier 17、NGC 6188、Messier 22 和 NGC 3603。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">它們都是恒星形成的地方的氣體和塵埃云，除了 Messier 22，它是一組非常密集的老恒星。這些圖像是使用 ESO 的可見光和紅外巡天望遠(yuǎn)鏡 （VISTA） 及其紅外相機 VIRCAM 拍攝的。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">13 年的時間里，V&iacute;a L&aacute;ctea （VVV） 巡天及其擴展 VVV 擴展巡天 （VVVX） 中的 VISTA 變星觀測了銀河系的中心區(qū)域。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">這些調(diào)查使用了位于智利的歐洲南方天文臺 （ESO） 設(shè)施 VISTA（可見光和紅外巡天望遠(yuǎn)鏡），進行了 420 個夜晚的觀測，捕獲了大約 200,000 張圖像，生成了 500 TB 的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">值得注意的發(fā)現(xiàn)包括：</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; font-weight: 600;">球狀星團</strong>：我們銀河系中最古老的天體。</span></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; font-weight: 600;">超高速恒星</strong>：由中心超大質(zhì)量黑洞驅(qū)逐出銀河系的恒星。</span></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; font-weight: 600;">銀河之窗</strong>：透過星際塵埃和氣體清晰地看到銀河系的另一側(cè)。</span></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; font-weight: 600;">RR 天琴座變星</strong>：銀河系中心已知最古老的星系群。</span></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> <li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; font-weight: 600;">褐矮星和雙漂浮行星</strong>：獨特的天體，增強了我們對恒星和行星形成的理解。</span></li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">參與該項目的杰森&middot;桑德斯博士（UCL物理與天文學(xué)）說：&ldquo;在過去的13年里，VVVX巡天一直在透過塵埃窺視我們銀河系的中心，觀察星星是如何變化的。恒星的運動揭示了這個以前神秘的區(qū)域和整個銀河系的形成和演化的線索。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">領(lǐng)導(dǎo)整個項目的智利安德烈斯&middot;貝洛大學(xué)（Universidad Andr&eacute;s Bello）的天體物理學(xué)家但丁&middot;明尼蒂（Dante Minniti）教授說：&ldquo;我們有了如此多的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們永遠(yuǎn)改變了銀河系的觀感。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">VISTA 擁有 4.1m 鏡子，是世界上最大的專用紅外巡天望遠(yuǎn)鏡。它的紅外相機 VIRCAM 可以透過彌漫在我們銀河系中的塵埃和氣體進行窺視。通過以比人眼可見的波長更長的波長進行觀察，VISTA 能夠研究在可見光下幾乎看不見的物體，例如褐矮星（沒有持續(xù)核聚變的&ldquo;失敗&rdquo;恒星）或不圍繞恒星運行的自由漂浮行星。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">一篇標(biāo)志著VVV/VVVX巡天觀測完成的論文已在<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">《天文學(xué)與天體物理學(xué)</em>》雜志上發(fā)表。該文章由巴西圣卡</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">塔琳娜聯(lián)邦大學(xué)的 Roberto K. Saito 教授和智利安德烈斯貝洛大學(xué) （UNAB） 的 Maren Hempel 教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是來自 15 個國家的 146 位合著者的合作成果，詳細(xì)介紹了這一廣泛的數(shù)據(jù)集帶來的眾多發(fā)現(xiàn)。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">這些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)在南美洲和歐洲產(chǎn)生了 300 多篇科學(xué)出版物和 30 篇博士論文，涵蓋了令人難以置信的主題，例如星系結(jié)構(gòu)、恒星種群、變星、星團等等。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的 Jason Sanders 博士和團隊是這項最新研究的合著者，他們分析了恒星在天空中移動的速度，以及這告訴我們關(guān)于內(nèi)星系結(jié)構(gòu)的信息。他們還制作了該調(diào)查中最大的變星（亮度隨時間變化的恒星）目錄。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">VVV 和 VVVX 調(diào)查由 UNAB 的 Dante Minniti 教授和赫特福德大學(xué)的 Philip Lucas 教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">盧卡斯教授說：&ldquo;通過用紅外線繪制銀河系的地圖，我們能夠刺穿星際塵埃和氣體的模糊面紗，這些塵埃和氣體將我們的大部分銀河系隱藏在可見光下。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;">英國科學(xué)技術(shù)設(shè)施委員會通過其在英國天文技術(shù)中心 （UK ATC） 的團隊，在開發(fā)和向 ESO 交付 VISTA 望遠(yuǎn)鏡方面發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。VISTA 的交付也是英國成為 ESO 成員的主要部分。</span></p>