<p><span style="color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; display: inline;">最近的研究顯示，黑人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者比任何其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者（包括白人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者）都承擔(dān)更多以事業(yè)為中心的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來達(dá)到最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; display: inline;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1728352250785/1728352250785.png" width="725" height="242" /></span></p> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</h4> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">審視兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力軌跡</span></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">Spyros Angelopoulos教授與劍橋大學(xué)賈奇商學(xué)院、克蘭菲爾德管理學(xué)院、悉尼大學(xué)商學(xué)院和查爾斯特大學(xué)的同事一起研究了這些演講，以及1850-2019年女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的職業(yè)道路，包括羅莎&middot;帕克斯、米歇爾&middot;奧巴馬和奧普拉&middot;溫弗瑞等著名人物，以了解她們所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和他們討論的挑戰(zhàn)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">研究人員研究了所有種族的女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，以了解她們?cè)诔蔀轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)者時(shí)面臨的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">獨(dú)特挑戰(zhàn)，并發(fā)現(xiàn) 200 年前黑人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和負(fù)面經(jīng)歷在今天仍然普遍存在，這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須克服的挑戰(zhàn)類型幾乎沒有變化才能獲得最高職位。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">研究人員表示，這是因?yàn)榕c白人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或黑人男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者相比，黑人和女性的交叉性可能會(huì)帶來挑戰(zhàn)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</h4> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">整個(gè)職業(yè)階段的挑戰(zhàn)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">該研究描繪了三個(gè)關(guān)鍵的職業(yè)階段&mdash;&mdash;識(shí)別、進(jìn)步和成就。識(shí)別階段側(cè)重于職業(yè)生涯的開始，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者決定她想在哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域工作，以及她在開始時(shí)想冒多大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。進(jìn)步階段側(cè)重于這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者晉升到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色所采取的方法以及他們?yōu)榇嗽O(shè)定的目標(biāo)。成就階段的重點(diǎn)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者最終作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者獲得突出地位、接受和社會(huì)認(rèn)可。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這三個(gè)階段中，黑人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更有可能冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入職業(yè)生涯的下一個(gè)階段，并且在職業(yè)生涯的各個(gè)階段都面臨相同的挑戰(zhàn)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</h4> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">統(tǒng)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">計(jì)差異凸顯了黑人女性在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層中的代表性不足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">&ldquo;盡管女性在高級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位上的代表性方面取得了適度的進(jìn)展，但黑人女性仍然面臨獨(dú)特的挑戰(zhàn)，晉升速度較慢，在最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位中的代表性明顯不足，&rdquo;Spyros Angelopoulos 博士說。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">&ldquo;統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)反映了這種差異：2021 年，白人女性在美國(guó)擔(dān)任 32.6% 的管理職位，而黑人女性僅占據(jù) 4.3%。很明顯，我們需要為黑人女性創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更具包容性的環(huán)境，讓她們?cè)诼殬I(yè)生涯中蓬勃發(fā)展，而不必不斷克服障礙。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">在早期階段，黑人女性更有可能冒險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)職業(yè)多元化，平均在 2.13 個(gè)行業(yè)工作，而白人女性平均在 1.59 個(gè)行業(yè)工作。在她們的整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中，白人女性傾向于減少冒險(xiǎn)行為，而黑人女性則增加了她們的冒險(xiǎn)行為。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</h4> <h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 20px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">敦促組織擴(kuò)大多元化倡議</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">研究人員表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)清楚地表明，黑人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者缺乏進(jìn)步，組織應(yīng)該尋求進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大其對(duì)多元化的關(guān)注，而不僅僅是雇用或提拔更多的少數(shù)群體。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 16px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #212529; font-family: 'Open Sans', system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 24px; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-contrast="auto">由于相同的挑戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了大約 200 年，因此需要采取一些措施來提高這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的包容性，并確保他們不需要冒極端風(fēng)險(xiǎn)即可成功。如果黑人女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者看到這些問題得到解決，并且她們的經(jīng)歷變得更加積極，那么可能會(huì)有更多的人尋求擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #afb4b6;" data-ccp-props="{}">&nbsp;</span></p>