德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校 | 腦力輪椅展現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的前景
指南者留學(xué)
2022-11-26 14:22:45
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">德克薩斯州奧斯汀 - 在同類研究中的首批研究中,幾名運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙者能夠操作輪椅,將他們的想法轉(zhuǎn)化為運(yùn)動(dòng)。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的研究人員今天發(fā)表在《iScience》雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究是腦機(jī)接口向前邁出的重要一步,腦機(jī)接口是將思維活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。思想驅(qū)動(dòng)輪椅的概念已經(jīng)研究了多年,但大多數(shù)項(xiàng)目都使用了非殘疾受試者或刺激,導(dǎo)致設(shè)備或多或少地控制人,而不是相反。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">在這種情況下,三名四肢癱瘓的人,由于脊髓損傷而無(wú)法移動(dòng)他們的手臂和腿,在雜亂的自然環(huán)境中操作輪椅,取得了不同程度的成功。該界面記錄了他們的大腦活動(dòng),機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法將其轉(zhuǎn)換為驅(qū)動(dòng)輪椅的命令。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">研究人員表示,這是精神動(dòng)力輪椅未來(lái)商業(yè)可行性的標(biāo)志,可以幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)功能有限的人。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">“我們證明了,真正成為這些類型設(shè)備的最終用戶的人能夠在腦機(jī)接口的幫助下在自然環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航,”科克雷爾工程學(xué)院錢(qián)德拉家族電氣和計(jì)算機(jī)工程系教授José del R. Millán說(shuō)。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">這項(xiàng)研究也很重要,因?yàn)橛糜诓僮鬏喴蔚姆乔秩胄栽O(shè)備。研究人員沒(méi)有向參與者植入任何類型的設(shè)備,也沒(méi)有對(duì)他們使用任何形式的刺激。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">參與者戴著一頂覆蓋著記錄腦電活動(dòng)的電極的帽子,稱為腦電圖(EEG)。放大設(shè)備將這些電信號(hào)發(fā)送到計(jì)算機(jī),計(jì)算機(jī)解釋每個(gè)參與者的意圖并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為運(yùn)動(dòng)。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">當(dāng)人們?cè)馐苤卮髠σ园c瘓告終時(shí),大腦就會(huì)失去向身體傳遞命令和創(chuàng)造運(yùn)動(dòng)的途徑。但是大腦仍然活躍,界面能夠捕捉和促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng),就好像大腦在與身體而不是計(jì)算機(jī)交談一樣。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">兩個(gè)重要的動(dòng)力是研究成功的主要因素。第一個(gè)涉及針對(duì)用戶的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">用戶被教導(dǎo)如何想象移動(dòng)椅子,就好像他們?cè)谙胂笠苿?dòng)他們的手和腳一樣。當(dāng)研究人員觀察研究參與者時(shí),他們看到他們的大腦活動(dòng)在傳達(dá)命令時(shí)發(fā)生了變化。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">第二個(gè)貢獻(xiàn)者借鑒了機(jī)器人技術(shù)。研究人員為他們的輪椅配備了傳感器,以了解周圍的環(huán)境。他們還部署了機(jī)器人智能軟件,幫助椅子填補(bǔ)用戶命令中的空白,以促進(jìn)輪椅的準(zhǔn)確和安全移動(dòng)。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">“它很像騎馬,”米蘭說(shuō),他也是德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的神經(jīng)病學(xué)教授。“騎手可以告訴馬左轉(zhuǎn)或進(jìn)入大門(mén)。但馬最終必須找出執(zhí)行這些命令的最佳方法。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">這項(xiàng)研究補(bǔ)充了Millán從事的另一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,即創(chuàng)造一種新的EEG電極,可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間佩戴而無(wú)需更換。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">長(zhǎng)期電極是這些項(xiàng)目最終目標(biāo)的一部分。研究人員計(jì)劃將所有其他涉及的技術(shù)直接嵌入到改裝的輪椅中。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="p">該項(xiàng)目的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員包括意大利帕多瓦大學(xué)的盧卡·托寧;英國(guó)埃塞克斯大學(xué)的Serafeim Perdikis;德國(guó)波鴻魯爾大學(xué)的泰蘭·德尼茲·庫(kù)祖、豪爾赫·帕爾多、托馬斯·阿明·希爾德豪爾、米爾科·阿赫和拉蒙·馬丁內(nèi)斯-奧利維拉;瑞士洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的巴斯蒂安·奧塞特;以及瑞士Wyss生物和神經(jīng)工程中心的Kyuhwa Lee。</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.062rem; font-family: CharisSil, Georgia, serif; color: #212529; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="h6">注:本文由院校官方新聞直譯,僅供參考,不代表指南者留學(xué)態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)。</span></p>
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